Eriobotrya japonica, commonly known as the loquat, is a subtropical evergreen tree native to southeastern China, though it’s widely cultivated in Japan and the Mediterranean. Its glossy, leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant white flowers create a lush, ornamental appearance. The tree produces small, oval fruits with golden-orange skin and sweet-tart flesh. Both decorative and productive, it’s valued for its tropical look and edible yield in warm climates.
| KEY PLANT INFORMATION | |
|---|---|
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Plant Type: | Evergreen fruit tree |
| Plant Colours: | Green, white, orange-yellow |
| Flowering period: | Autumn to winter |
| Fragrance: | Sweet, almond-like scent |
| Mature Height: | 6–10 m (20–33 ft) |
| Light Requirements: | Full sun to partial shade |
| Water Requirements: | Moderate, well-drained soil |
| Cold Hardiness: | −5 °C / 23 °F |
| Difficulty: | Moderate |
Plant Type
Evergreen fruit tree
This species is an evergreen fruit-bearing tree, appreciated for both its ornamental value and delicious fruit. Unlike deciduous fruit trees, Eriobotrya japonica maintains its lush foliage year-round, offering shade and visual appeal. It belongs to the Rosaceae family, sharing lineage with apples and pears, though it thrives better in subtropical regions.
Mature Height
6–10 m (20–33 ft)
Typically growing between 6 and 10 metres (20 to 33 feet), the loquat tree forms a rounded canopy with a spreading habit. In cultivation, it can be pruned to maintain a smaller size for ease of harvesting or to suit garden spaces. Its height and broad leaves provide an excellent windbreak or screening effect in landscape settings.
Light Requirements
Full sun to partial shade
Eriobotrya japonica thrives best in full sun, which encourages abundant flowering and fruiting. While it tolerates light shade, insufficient sunlight can reduce fruit production. Ideally, it should be planted in a sheltered, sunny location protected from cold winds. South- or west-facing exposures work well for optimal growth and sweetness of fruit.
Water Requirements
Moderate
Loquats prefer moderate, consistent moisture in well-drained soil. While drought-tolerant once established, regular watering during dry or fruiting periods helps ensure plump, juicy fruit. Overwatering or poor drainage should be avoided, as these conditions can cause root rot. Mulching around the base helps retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.
Cold Hardiness
−5 °C (23 °F)
Eriobotrya japonica tolerates temperatures down to around -5°C (23°F), but extended frosts can damage flowers and reduce yields. Young plants and blossoms are particularly frost-sensitive. In colder climates, it should be grown against a warm wall or in containers that can be moved indoors during freezing weather.
Propagation tips
Loquats can be propagated by seed, grafting, or air layering. Seeds germinate easily but may not produce true-to-type fruit. Grafting onto quince or pear rootstock ensures desirable fruit quality and earlier bearing. Air layering is another reliable method for producing clones of superior cultivars. Cuttings and grafts should be done in spring for best success.
